Macular degeneration is a leading cause of vision loss in adults over 50, and it comes in two main forms: dry and wet. While both types affect the central portion of the retina (the macula), which is responsible for sharp, detailed vision, they differ significantly in how they progress and are treated.
 

What Is Dry Macular Degeneration?

Dry macular degeneration, also called atrophic AMD, is the more common form, accounting for about 80–90% of all cases. It occurs when the macula gradually thins over time and drusen (tiny yellow deposits) begin to form under the retina. These changes slowly damage the macula, leading to a gradual loss of central vision.
 

Symptoms of Dry AMD May Include:
 

• Blurry or fuzzy vision
• Difficulty recognizing faces
• Trouble reading in low light
• A need for brighter light for close work

Dry AMD tends to progress slowly, but in some cases, it can advance to a more severe form known as geographic atrophy.
 

What Is Wet Macular Degeneration?

Wet macular degeneration, or neovascular AMD, is less common but far more aggressive. It happens when abnormal blood vessels grow under the retina and leak fluid or blood, leading to rapid and severe vision loss. The damage can occur suddenly, making it critical to identify and treat early.
 

Symptoms of Wet AMD May Include:
 

• A sudden decrease in central vision
• Straight lines appearing wavy or distorted
• Dark or blind spots in the center of vision
• Rapid onset of visual changes

Unlike dry AMD, wet AMD often requires immediate medical treatment, such as anti-VEGF injections, to help slow or stop further vision loss.
 

Key Differences Between Wet and Dry Macular Degeneration

Dry and wet macular degeneration affect the same part of the eye (the macula) but they differ significantly in how they develop, progress, and are treated. Dry macular degeneration is far more common, accounting for approximately 80–90% of all cases. It progresses slowly over time due to the thinning of the macula and the accumulation of drusen, which are tiny yellow deposits under the retina. This gradual process typically results in mild to moderate central vision loss over the years.
 

In contrast, wet macular degeneration is less common but much more severe. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels begin to grow underneath the retina. These vessels can leak fluid or blood, which damages the macula quickly and can lead to sudden, significant vision loss. Because of its rapid progression, wet AMD is considered a medical emergency and requires prompt treatment, such as anti-VEGF injections, to help prevent further damage.

Another important distinction lies in how these conditions are managed. Dry AMD is typically monitored with regular eye exams and managed through lifestyle changes and nutritional supplements, particularly those recommended in the AREDS2 formula. Wet AMD, on the other hand, often requires ongoing medical treatments and close monitoring to control the abnormal blood vessel growth and preserve vision.
 

Overall, while both types of macular degeneration can significantly impact central vision, the differences in progression, severity, and treatment options make early detection through routine eye exams absolutely critical.
 

Stay Ahead of Vision Loss

Understanding the differences between wet and dry macular degeneration is key to protecting your vision. While both forms can lead to central vision loss, early detection and regular monitoring can make a significant difference in your long-term eye health.
 

If you’re over 50 or have concerns about your eye health, schedule your annual medical eye exam with Westchester Eyes and stay ahead of macular degeneration before it impacts your vision. Visit our office in White Plains, New York, or call (914) 567-4800 to book an appointment today.